Steam-boiler economizer system



D. S. JACOBUS. STEAM BOILER ECONOMIZER SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 27, I918.

Patentd 001;. n, 1921-.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

' IN VEN TOR.

D. s. JACOBUS;

STEAM BOILER ECONOMIZER SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB- 27,1913. 1,393,445m latentedOct. H, 1921 2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

INVENTOR.

DAVID SJJAGOBUS; or JERSEY CITE;1\TEV/"JERSEY, ASSIGNOR r THEZBABCOGK & wrncox GOMPANY, or BAYONNE, -1\TEW messy; A ooaroiaa'rrorzr or NEW JEBSEY..

Be it knoiwn that 1, DAVID S. JACOBUS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Jersey City, in the countyof Hudson and a State ofNew Jersey, have invented certain rosion in *bbthboilers and economiaers, and 1 a inorder'to prevent or minimize-such cor rosionl have in-iny Patents ?Nos.-1,2l9,820 and 1,219,321, granted March '13, 1917, de-J scribed systems in-which the ,feecbwater is heated, then conducted" from the heating meansand'the'airmor other gases allowed to ora part thereof which is 'under boiler pres sure. The apparatuseinploy'ed for heating the {water before passingflt to a tank for theelilnination of airor gases,rnay-be either thelow pressure stage 'ot plural stage economizer, or a separate apparatus heated" independently ofthewaste gases "of the boiler; Inniys'aid patent;.;and in the pres ent applicati'oljl, I have illustrated aform of my invention in which the foriner inethodof heating is provided r01 The present invention has beendesigned more particularly as an improvement upon tlie systern "described inmy said Patent No:

1,219,321win which acornmontank forthe eliinination of air orgasesreceives theiwater heated in tlie low" pressure stages of the} economizers of a plurality of boilers and also for providing a 1 means for regulating the pressure ini the low pressure stagefozt the ec'onoinizer to prevent steamingunder certain conditions "of operation. Aceording to the present system nstead of conducting the-heated water directly toa connnon tank, I providean iiid'lvidua1 or separate tank for each low pressure stage, and a ooinrnon'tanlr to-which the water from the individual tanlrs isconducted. For regulating the pressure intthe low pressure stage ot'theeconoinizer I provide a reliefvalve wl ich may be "ad juste'd atthe exit 'of the low pressure stage.

srnhiu-noitnnnoonomrznn srsrnwr.

- Specification ofLetters Patent. Pmb gnted 1 111, 19211, fa ili afitit me'a Fame 2?, i918. semr vo. 219,389.

1 For the purpose of describing 'my invent1on,-the general arrangement of the boilers and e'cononiizers may befsubstantially the same as shown in United States Patent No.

1,048,739, dated December "31, 1912, that is, the boiler's 1 and Q'may be set back to back, as illustrated, although this is not essential.

V u Placed side by side above the boilers are escape therefrom, and the water then 'fed, preferably by a pump, into the economiz'er two economizers each comprising a low pressure stage or section 3, and a high pressure stage or section 4; constructed generally as indicated in Figfl of my saidPatent No.

1,219,320. The econoinizers are located in the boiler outlet flues 5 and are so arranged thatthe'high pressure section is subjected to the hottest gases and the low pressure sectron to the "coldest gases and, as shown in Fig 2, thewaste gasesfrom boiler 1 flow through its economizer in anopposite direction to the flow of gasesfrom boiler 2 through it's economizer. fFans 6 provide the necessary draft suction anddeliver the gases Thewater fromfthe hot well,'or other L source, "enters through pipe "8 and is distributed through branch connections-9, each having controlling valve, to the low presrelief valves 10 to tanks 11 placed'above "andin relatively close proximity to the econcinizers, and open to the atmosphere. The relief valves 10 may be adjusted to inaintainfanydesired?pressure above the atmosphere in the outlet pipes 9f leading i'roin the low pressurestages of the econoinizer, or they may be fully opened in case fthe tem'perature of thewater in the low pressure stages is" at-alltimes well below the boiling 1: oi nt."Thermometers 12 are placed in the pipes 9-. The water overflows .19, having valved branch connections 20,

into the high pressure sections 4: of the economizers against the boiler pressure. From the high pressure sections the water flows through pipes 21 to the steam and water drum 22 of the corresponding boiler. The pipes Sand 19 are shown as openended to indicate that more than two boilers may be included in the plant.

Theopen tanks 11 are preferably placed at a higher level than the lower pressure stages of the economizers and the piping so arranged that the gas or air will not pocket in the pipes. By-so doing, the air and gases, and any steam which may be formed, will rise and. be carried along in the natural direction of the flow of the water and the air or other gases, or a portion of them, will, escape from the water when it enters the tanks 11. V

Placing the open tanks 11 at a higher level than the low pressure stages of the economizer has the further advantage in that it insures steaming at the tanks before the water boils in the, low pressurestages of the economizers when the plant is operated with the relief valves 10 fully open, and thus will indicate the approach of a temperature which will cause boiling in the low pressure stages before the water does actuallyboil therein. The appearance of vapor at the tanks 11 by reason of the water being heated to a boiling point in these tanks before it boils in the low pressure stages, is' advantageous for the reason that boiling in the low pressure stages might cause some of the water to be drawn in belches therefrom, or might result in thumpor a water hammer in the low pressure stages.

The tank 1 vented directly tov the atmosphere, or the water therein may be subjected to a pressure below that of the atmosphere by means of a dryvacuum 'pump 23 connected to the tank by a pipe 24. Pump 23 may be operated to maintain any desired pressure below that of l nized.v

may be closed, or it may be As the pressure in the low pressure sections is comparatively low, I am enabled to use cast iron in the construction of said sections and thereby obtain the advantage of cast iron because of its less liability to corrosion. As the pressure in the high pressure sections is the same or higher than that of the boiler, I employ wrought iron or steel in their construction, thereby obtaining the advantage of the stronger unit which will be practically free from corrosion by reason of the elimination of the air and gases from the water.

The novelty in the present system is in the use of the individual tanks 11 at the outlet of each low pressure section, such tanks serving as indicators to detect an excess of temperature in the water. For proper operation, the temperatures of the several volumes of water leaving the low pressure econominer sections should be approximately equal, and in normal operation this temperature is below 212 F., and under normal conditions of operation the temperature of the water may be adjusted by observing the thermometers 12. If for any reason the temperature of the water leaving any one of the low pressure sections, reaches 212 F., steam will escape from the water in the corresponding tank 11. These tanks are open to the atmosphere and are so placed that the presence of steam can be readily observed. The use of these tanks therefore affords a means for quickly determining whether the amount of water fed to the low pressure sections is unbalanced to an extent which will cause steaming in any one of the sections, and if such steaming Occurs, the rate at which the water is fed and the temperature of the water may be adjusted.

Another advantage resulting from the introduction of the tanks 11 is that by providing an open vent to the atmosphere near each low pressure outlet, there is less danger of producing a water hammer in the system by reason of the generation of steam in one or more of the low pressure sections and the mingling of water and steam with colder water from the other low pressure sections.

The tanks 11 serve therefore the triple purpose of a means by which a portion of the air or other gases in the water from the low pressure section of the corresponding economizer may be eliminated; the function of a naaaaas.

* the; low wpressure stages: of the economizer, combinedwithptheactionof the relief valves lQ makes it possible to operate under all conditions in accordance with the above method operating the plant and, as already stated,

the. conditions may be suchthat the relief Valvesmaybe left fully.- open, or it may be necessary to adjust thematogivea pressure of, say ,lOlb.p er' sq; in. or more above the atmosphere. l'nsome cases Where space conditionsvvill not permit the tanks 11 to be placed at ahigher level than the low pressure stages of the economizers the relief valves maybe placedat-a higher level than the low pressure economizer stages and the tanks 11" at a lower level, the rehefvalves 10 being set to provide enough pressure to prevent steaming in the low pressure stages. 1 I prefer,- however, to setthe tanks 11 atahigher level than the "low pressurerstages to'avoid anyvpocketing of air or gases in the piping leading from the low: pressurelstages to the tanksll. i i

, Whatfll claim andidesiretof se'curewby LettGPSPHtGHtQf-thG United States is:-" f

1.1'11L00I11bll121l3l011, a plurality of boilers,

- a plurality ofeconoinizers each having high andvlow pressure sections, means for maintaining-the .Waterin the sections'of each economizer at different pressures, individual tanks arranged to permitthe e'scape of air or 'asfrom the water 'andservin Pas detectors to indicate the formation of steam,

means for conducting the water heated in the tlovv-pressi1recsections to said tanks, a common tank and means,foruconducting the "Wtlttfi' from: said individualitanks to said commontank, and means; for distributing the Water i'rom said common tankto the several higlrpressure sectionsof the] econoe justable means to maintain any desired pres 2. In icombinatiomi faxplurality of boilers,

mizers and froml the latter to the boilers.

a plurality of economizers each havingshigrh and low pressure sections, means for main:

taining the =vvaten1 in the sections of each economizer; at different pressures, indivldual 1 tanksopento the atmosphere and placedat a higher level than the; low pressure stages of c'the economizers', a .c ommonmtank means for conducting ater heated. in the low presii sure sections tos'aid individual tanks, and a, from said individual tanks to said common tank'ymeans. for :distributinglthe Water from said :common tank to the sever-at high, pres sure u:SBCtlOI1S ot the, economizers and qfrom thelatter to thewboi lersa 1- 39in combination, a plurality of boilers, an; economizer-for each boiler located in the corresponding outlet flue 1! and having. high and low pressureysections so: 1arrangedi that the Waste gases firstcontact with the high pressure sections and then With the low pressure sections, a plurality of tanks open to the atmosphere, means tor'conducting the Waterheated in the low pressure sections" to said tanks, a common tank connected to said tanks and arranged to permit the escape of air or gases from the Water therein, and means for distributing the water from said common tank to the several high pressure sectionsot the eoonomizers'and from the latterto th boilers.

4. In combination, a plurality of boilers,

a pluralityof economizers each having high and low pressure sections and each associated with one of the boilers, means for main taining the Water in the sections of each economizer at different-pressures, means for conducting the Water heated in the lowpressure sections to individual tanks arranged to permit the escape of air or gas from the Water and serving as detectors to indicate the formation of'steam, and meansinclu'ding connections between said "individual tanks for distributing the heated Water to theseveral high pressure sections of the economizers and from the latter to the boilers. I

5. In combination, a plurality of boilers,

common tank, means for distributing the Water from said commontank to the several high pressure sections oft-the economizers andii'om the latter to the boilers, and ad sure above the atmosphere in each lowopressure 866M011. i V 6. In comblnation, a plurality of boilers,

a plurality of economizers'eachl having high and low pressure sections, means for maintaining the-water in the sections of each economizer at different pressures, individual tanks arranged to permitthe escapeo f air or gas from the Water and serving as deteeters to indicate the formation of steam, means for conducting the Water heated in the low pressure sections to said tanks, a common tank and means for conducting the Watenfromsaid individual tanks to said commonta'nk, means for distributing the Water from said common tankto the several high pressure-sections ofthe economi zers and from the latter to the boilers, and 1 a relief valve for each low pressure section to maintain any desired pressure above the atmosphere therein.

7. In combination, a plurality of boilers, a, plurality of economizers each having high and low pressure sections, means for maintaining the water in the sections of each economizer at different pressures, individual tanks arranged to permit the escape of air or gas from thewater and serving as detectors to indicate the formation of steam, means for conducting the water heated in the low pressure sections to said tanks, a common tank and means for conducting the water from said individual tanks to said common tank, and means for distributing the water from said common tank to the several high pressure sections of the economizers and from the latter to the boilers, each ofsaid individual tanks being at a level higher than the low pressure section to which it is connected.

8. In combination, a plurality of boilers,

a plurality of economizers each having high and low pressure sections, means for maintaining the water in the sections of each economizer at difierent pressures, individual tanks arranged to permit the escape of air or gas from the water and serving as detectors to indicate the formation of steam,

means for conducting the water heated in the low pressure sections to said tanks, a common tank, means to maintain a pressure below the atmosphere in said common tank,

andmeans for conducting the water from said individual tanks to said common tank, and means for distributing the water from said common tank to the several high pres sure sections of the economizers and from the latter to the boilers.

9. In combination, a plurality of boilers,

. a plurality of economizers each having high and low pressure sections, means for maintaining the water in the sections or" each economizer at different pressures, individual tanks open'to the atmosphere and placed at a higher level than the low pressure stages of the'economizers, a common tank, means for conducting water heated 1n the low presjsure'sections to said individual tanks, and fromsaid indlv-idual tanks to said commontank, means to maintain a pressure below the atmosphere in said common tank, and

fme'ans'for distributing the water from said common tank to the several high pressure sections of the economizers and from the latter to the boilers.

10. In combination, a plurality of boilers,

a plurality of economizers each having high and low pressure sections, means for maintainlng the water 1n the sections of each economizer at diiiierent pressures, a tank, 1n-

dividual connections between said tank and each low pressure section, each of said individual connections having an open vent to permit the escape of air or gas from the water and serving as a detector to indicate the formation of steam, and means for distributing the water from said tank to the several high pressure sections of the economizers and from the latter to the boilers.

11. In combination, a plurality of boilers, a plurality of economizers each having high .and low pressure sections, means for maintaining the water in the sections of each economizer at different pressures, a tank arranged to permit the escape of air or gas from the water therein, individual connections between said tank and each low pres sure section, each of said individual connections having an open vent to permit the escape of air or gas from the water and serving as a detector to indicate the formation of steam, and means for distributing the water from said tank to the several high pressure sections of the economizers and from the latter to the boilers.

12. In combination, a plurality of boilers, a plurality of economizers each having high and low pressure sections and each associated with one of the boilers, means for maintaining the water in the sections of each economizer at different pressures, individual piping to conduct the water away from each low pressure section to a common point, each set of said piping provided with an open vent to permit the escape of air or gas from the water and serving as a detector to indicate the formation of steam, and means for distributing the heated water from the common point to the several high pressure sections of the economizers and from the latter to the boilers.

13. In combination, a plurality of boilers, a plurality of economizers each having high and low pressure sections, means for maintaining the water in the sections of each economizer at different pressures, a tank, individual connections between said tank and each low pressure section, each of said individual connections having an open vent to permit the escape of air or gas from the water and serving as a detector to indicate the formation of steam, means for distributing the water from said tank to the several high pressure sections of the economizers and from the latter to the boilers, and ad justable means to maintain any desired pressure'above the atmosphere in each lou pressure section.

14:. In combination, a plurality of boilers, a plurality of economizers each having high and low pressure sections, means for maintaining the water in the sections of each economizer at different pressures, a tank, individual connections between each low pressure section and said tank, each of said individual connections having an open vent to permit the escape of air or gas from the a pressure below the atmosphere in said tank, scribing Witnesses.

water and serving as a detector to indicate In testimony whereof I have hereunto the formation of steam, means to maintain signed my name in the presence of two sub and means for distributing the Water from said tank to the several high pressure sec- Witnesses: tions of the economizers and from the latter EDITH CAMP,

to the boilers. JOHN A. W. DIXON.

DAVID S. JACOBUS. 

